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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

3.2K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

3.0K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
3.0K
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

32.0K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
32.0K
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

2.7K
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

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[Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias].

Steffen Nägel, Torsten Kraya

    Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
    |March 16, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are rare but debilitating headache disorders. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing these conditions effectively.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Headache Medicine

    Background:

    • Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are rare headache disorders.
    • TACs cause significant patient impairment despite lower prevalence than migraine or tension-type headache.
    • Cluster headache, a common TAC, affects 0.1% of the population.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of the diagnostic approach for TACs.
    • To outline the therapeutic options available for managing TACs.
    • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis for these often-misunderstood conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current diagnostic criteria for TACs.
    • Summary of established and emerging treatment strategies.
    • Discussion of differential diagnoses to aid clinical decision-making.

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    Main Results:

    • Delayed diagnosis is a common issue in TACs.
    • Specific diagnostic features differentiate TACs from other headache types.
    • A range of treatments exist, requiring tailored approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate and prompt diagnosis of TACs is essential.
    • Effective management strategies are available for TACs.
    • Increased awareness and understanding of TACs are needed among healthcare professionals.