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Related Concept Videos

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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In fluid mechanics, shear stresses arise from viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to deformation. For low-viscosity fluids, like water, these stresses are minimal, simplifying flow analysis by allowing the fluid to be treated as inviscid, or frictionless. In an inviscid fluid, shear stresses are absent, leaving only normal stresses, which act perpendicularly to fluid elements. Notably, pressure — defined as the negative of the normal stress — remains...
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Shear and Bulk Acceleration Viscosities in Simple Fluids.

Johannes Renner1, Matthias Schmidt1, Daniel de Las Heras1

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Researchers found that fluid acceleration fields exhibit viscous effects, similar to velocity fields. This discovery, using molecular dynamics simulations, helps describe fast molecular-scale dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
  • Computational physics

Background:

  • Inhomogeneities in fluid velocity fields are damped by viscosity, involving bulk and shear effects.
  • On molecular time scales, fluid dynamics beyond Navier-Stokes requires considering memory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate analogous viscous effects in the acceleration field of a fluid.
  • To explore the role of memory in fluid dynamics on molecular scales.
  • To enable the description of fast dynamics using both velocity and acceleration fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular and overdamped Brownian dynamics many-body simulations.
  • Analyzing the divergence and curl of the acceleration field.
  • Employing exponentially decaying memory kernels for quantitative description.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that viscous effects analogous to those in the velocity field also act on the acceleration field.
  • Quantitatively described this acceleration viscous behavior using memory kernels.
  • Showcased the ability to describe fast molecular-scale dynamics by considering both velocity and acceleration fields.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid acceleration fields exhibit a distinct viscous behavior, governed by memory effects.
  • This acceleration viscosity is mathematically analogous to fluid velocity viscosity.
  • The combined analysis of velocity and acceleration fields provides a more comprehensive description of fast dynamics in systems with memory.