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Brief Clinical Assessment Scale for Schizophrenia (BCASS): Development, Validity, and Reliability Study.

Mustafa Yildiz¹, Aysel Incedere², Mehmet Buğrahan Gürcan¹

¹Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi

|March 23, 2022

Summary

A new 14-item scale for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder assessment shows strong reliability and validity. This short, easy-to-use tool is suitable for routine clinical practice, improving patient assessment efficiency.

Keywords:

Rating scale psychopathology reliability schizophrenia validity

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Psychometric Assessment

Background:

Current clinical assessment tools for schizophrenia and psychotic disorders are time-consuming.
There is a need for brief, comprehensive, and user-friendly scales for routine practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a concise scale for assessing schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
To evaluate the psychometric properties of this new scale.

Main Methods:

A 14-item scale was created, incorporating items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and adding questions on obsessions and memory.
The scale was administered to 120 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Psychometric properties including construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), concurrent validity (correlations with PANSS, CGI-S, GAF), criterion validity, internal consistency, and interrater reliability were assessed.

Main Results:

The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and strong interrater reliability (ICC = 0.89).
Exploratory factor analysis identified a 4-factor structure (psychosis, negative/cognitive impairment, emotional distress, disorganization) explaining 74.47% of the variance.
Significant correlations were found with established measures (PANSS, CGI-S, GAF), and the scale showed high sensitivity to psychopathology changes (Cohen's d = 2.68).

Conclusions:

The developed 14-item scale exhibits robust psychometric properties.
Its reliability, validity, and dimensionality support its application in routine clinical settings for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder assessment.