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The Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet on Sleep Disturbances in Children with Celiac Disease

Ipek Suzer Gamli1, Meryem Keceli Basaran2

  • 1Istanbul Erenkoy Mental and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.

Nature and Science of Sleep
|March 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

A gluten-free diet significantly improved sleep disturbances in children with celiac disease (CD). Most children experienced better sleep after six months of a gluten-free diet (GFD), indicating its therapeutic potential for pediatric CD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Celiac Disease Research

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are frequently observed in children diagnosed with celiac disease (CD).
  • The impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on these sleep disturbances is not well-documented.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding sleep quality changes following GFD initiation in pediatric CD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in sleep disturbances among children with celiac disease within six months of commencing a gluten-free diet.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a GFD in mitigating sleep issues in pediatric CD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 103 children diagnosed with CD, without prior psychiatric conditions or psychotropic medication use, was enrolled.
  • Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was administered pre- and post-GFD intervention (6 months).

Main Results:

  • The average total CSHQ score decreased significantly from 46 to 40 after six months on a GFD, falling below the clinical threshold for sleep disturbance (p < 0.001).
  • The proportion of children with clinically significant sleep disturbances reduced from 71.8% to 38.8% (p < 0.001).
  • All CSHQ subscale scores and the total score showed significant improvement (p < 0.001), although 37.8% of children still had elevated scores, correlating with higher maternal and paternal ages.

Conclusions:

  • A gluten-free diet leads to significant improvements in sleep disturbances for children with celiac disease.
  • GFD intervention appears to facilitate easier sleep onset, longer sleep duration, and reduced sleep interruptions.
  • Further research is warranted to identify factors influencing persistent sleep disturbances in a subset of pediatric CD patients unresponsive to GFD.
Abstract

Keywords:
disorderenteropathypediatricscreeningsleep

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