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Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

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Published on: September 8, 2011

Columnar Localization and Laminar Origin of Cortical Surface Electrical Potentials.

Vyassa L Baratham^1,2, Maximilian E Dougherty¹, John Hermiz¹

¹Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|March 25, 2022

Summary

Electrocorticography (ECoG) signals originate from single cortical columns, primarily from neurons in layers V and VI. This research clarifies the source of these brain signals, bridging basic neuroscience and clinical applications.

Keywords:

auditory cortex biophysical simulation cortical column neurophysiology origins of ECoG

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

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Published on: September 8, 2011

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

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Published on: May 23, 2025

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

Published on: November 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biophysics

Background:

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is crucial for understanding brain function in health and disease.
The precise localization and neuronal sources of ECoG signals remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial localization and neuronal origins of sensory-evoked ECoG responses.
To bridge the gap between basic neuroscience research and clinical applications of ECoG.

Main Methods:

Utilized customized micro-ECoG (μECoG) recordings in rat auditory cortex.
Employed biophysically detailed computational models of cortical columns to simulate electrical potentials.

Main Results:

Experimentally, μECoG signals showed tonotopic organization and anisotropic localization to approximately ±200 μm (a single cortical column).
Biophysical simulations confirmed these findings, indicating neurons in cortical layers V and VI contribute ~85% of the evoked high-gamma signal.
Neuronal cell number and synchrony were key factors, while distance played a minimal role in signal generation.

Conclusions:

Evoked ECoG signals are primarily generated by neurons in the infragranular layers (V and VI) within a single cortical column.
This study enhances understanding of how microscopic neuronal activity translates into mesoscale ECoG signals.