Dietary Complex and Slow Digestive Carbohydrates Promote Bone Mass and Improve Bone Microarchitecture during Catch-Up
Pilar Bueno-Vargas1, Manuel Manzano1, Íñigo M Pérez-Castillo1
1Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain.
Insights
A slow digestible carbohydrate (SDC) diet improved bone quality during catch-up growth in stunted rats. This dietary approach enhanced bone mineral density and microstructure, potentially reducing fracture risk.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Bone Biology
Background:
- Catch-up growth aims to restore normal weight and height after growth inhibition.
- Accelerated infant growth can negatively impact bone mass, density, and microarchitecture.
- Diet-induced stunting in rats provides a model to study catch-up growth and bone development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of slow digestible carbohydrates (SDC) versus rapid digestible carbohydrates (RDC) on bone quality during catch-up growth.
- To assess the impact of dietary interventions on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone microarchitecture in stunted rats.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a diet-induced stunting model in rats followed by a refeeding period.
- Administered diets rich in either SDC or RDC during the catch-up growth phase.
- Evaluated bone quality using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis and assessed growth plate parameters.
Main Results:
- Food restriction impaired BMD, BMC, and bone microarchitecture.
- The SDC diet significantly improved BMD and BMC in appendicular and axial bones compared to the RDC diet.
- SDC improved trabecular microarchitecture in tibiae and vertebrae, and cortical microstructure in vertebrae, with modest growth plate enhancements.
Conclusions:
- A diet rich in SDC can positively influence bone quality during catch-up growth following transient undernutrition.
- SDC-based diets may promote adequate bone formation, leading to higher peak bone mass.
- Improved bone quality during catch-up growth may reduce the risk of fractures later in life.
Abstract:
Catch-up growth is a process that promotes weight and height gains to recover normal growth patterns after a transient period of growth inhibition. Accelerated infant growth is associated with reduced bone mass and quality characterized by poor bone mineral density (BMD), content (BMC), and impaired microarchitecture. The present study evaluated the effects of a diet containing slow (SDC) or rapid (RDC) digestible carbohydrates on bone quality parameters during the catch-up growth period in a model of diet-induced stunted rats. The food restriction period negatively impacted BMD, BMC, and microarchitecture of appendicular and axial bones. The SDC diet was shown to improve BMD and BMC of appendicular and axial bones after a four-week refeeding period in comparison with the RDC diet. In the same line, the micro-CT analysis revealed that the trabecular microarchitecture of tibiae and vertebrae was positively impacted by the dietary intervention with SDC compared to RDC. Furthermore, features of the cortical microstructure of vertebra bones were also improved in the SDC group animals. Similarly, animals allocated to the SDC diet displayed modest improvements in growth plate thickness, surface, and volume compared to the RDC group. Diets containing the described SDC blend might contribute to an adequate bone formation during catch-up growth thus increasing peak bone mass, which could be linked to reduced fracture risk later in life in individuals undergoing transient undernutrition during early life.
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