Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

140
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
140
Parallel RLC Circuits01:14

Parallel RLC Circuits

1.0K
Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
A simplified parallel RLC circuit model with a DC input source generating a step response is employed in this context. When the switch is turned on, Kirchhoff's current law is applied, leading to a second-order differential equation.
1.0K
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

222
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
222
Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

383
In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
383
Design Example01:23

Design Example

383
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
383
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

173
Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
173

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Migrating Needle in Right Ventricle Wall With Purulent Tamponade.

The American journal of case reports·2026
Same author

Endoscopic implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis with a flexible support frame.

Cardiology journal·2026
Same author

Elevated tricuspid peak systolic gradient with enlarged right ventricle present during acute episode of pulmonary embolism predict subsequent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Thrombosis journal·2025
Same author

Controlling AGV While Docking Based on the Fuzzy Rule Inference System.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Sex-based differences in patients with acute pulmonary embolism managed by a pulmonary embolism response team: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Advances in medical sciences·2025
Same author

Late presenters with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and thromboembolic complications: a treatment challenge: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

VIGS-Mediated Forward Genetics Screening for Identification of Genes Involved in Nonhost Resistance
08:17

VIGS-Mediated Forward Genetics Screening for Identification of Genes Involved in Nonhost Resistance

Published on: August 23, 2013

17.2K

Selection of Surge Protection Module Components for Communication Lines Using a Genetic Algorithm.

Dariusz Zieliński1, Damian Grzechca2

  • 1Alstom ZWUS Sp. z o.o., 12 Modelarska Street, 40-142 Katowice, Poland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Faults in railway surge protection modules disrupt communication lines. This study optimizes modules and verifies safety margins against component limits, improving railway system reliability.

Keywords:
circuit element selectiongenetic algorithmlighting protectionsurge protection

More Related Videos

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.1K
Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems
05:00

Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems

Published on: August 30, 2021

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

VIGS-Mediated Forward Genetics Screening for Identification of Genes Involved in Nonhost Resistance
08:17

VIGS-Mediated Forward Genetics Screening for Identification of Genes Involved in Nonhost Resistance

Published on: August 23, 2013

17.2K
Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.1K
Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems
05:00

Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems

Published on: August 30, 2021

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Railway Systems Engineering
  • Telecommunications

Background:

  • Surge protection module failures significantly impact railway communication line availability.
  • High-energy exposure areas, like those prone to lightning, exacerbate these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an advanced optimization for surge protection modules in railway applications.
  • To verify the optimized module's performance against component limitations and safety margins.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated waveforms were used to analyze component parameters and limitations (power, peak power, voltage, current).
  • Evaluation of safety margins for individual component parameters was performed.

Main Results:

  • The study provides insights into power distribution during surge events.
  • Information on component safety margins was gathered to manage damage probability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized surge protection modules enhance the reliability of railway communication lines.
  • Consideration of power distribution during exposure is crucial for developing new railway protection devices.