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An Ultra-Low-Cost RCL-Meter.

Pedro M C Inácio1, Rui Guerra1,2, Peter Stallinga1,3

  • 1CEOT-Center for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.

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|March 26, 2022
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Summary

An ultra-low-cost RCL meter was developed for IoT applications, using only an AVR microcontroller to measure resistance, capacitance, and inductance. This device offers wide measurement ranges and good accuracy for various sensing applications.

Keywords:
AVR® micro-controllerRCL-bridgesimpedance meterinternet of thingslow-costportable instrument

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Embedded Systems
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) demands low-cost, compact sensing solutions.
  • Traditional RCL meters can be expensive and bulky, limiting their use in widespread IoT deployments.
  • Developing integrated measurement capabilities within microcontrollers is crucial for cost-effective IoT devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultra-low-cost RCL meter utilizing only an AVR microcontroller.
  • To establish and validate measurement models and routines for admittance parameters.
  • To benchmark the performance of ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 microcontrollers for RCL measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of standard measurement techniques using AVR microcontroller hardware and high-level routines.
  • Development of models and pseudo-routines for measuring admittance parameters.
  • Performance benchmarking of ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 for resistance and capacitance measurements.

Main Results:

  • Isolated resistances measured from 0.5 Ω to 80 MΩ with relative accuracy/precision typically < 10% (100 Ω–100 MΩ).
  • Capacitances measured from 100 fF to 4.7 mF across two modes (fast and transient), achieving relative accuracy < 20% and precision < 5%.
  • Inductance measurements estimated between 0.2 mH to 1.5 H; demonstrated accuracy and range for RC networks.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultra-low-cost RCL meter effectively measures electrical components using minimal hardware, suitable for IoT.
  • The system demonstrates broad measurement ranges and acceptable accuracy for resistance and capacitance, validated across two microcontroller types.
  • Potential applications span impedimetric sensing for bioelectronics, agriculture, and smart cities, emphasizing low cost and small form factor.