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3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds
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Structuring Hydrogel Cross-Link Density Using Hierarchical Filament 3D Printing.

Alexandra V Bayles1,2, Tazio Pleij1, Martin Hofmann1

  • 1Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 8093.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a continuous flow method to precisely control cross-linking density in polymer hydrogels. This technique enables the creation of complex, structured hydrogel filaments for advanced soft actuators and sensors.

Keywords:
actuationadditive manufacturinghydrogelmillifluidicsprocessingrheology

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Polymer hydrogels are versatile materials with tunable properties, crucial for biomaterials and functional applications.
  • Controlling local cross-linking density is vital for material properties like elasticity and swelling but remains challenging.
  • Existing methods struggle with precise, localized templating of cross-linking density within hydrogels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a continuous processing scheme for precisely templating cross-linking density in polymer hydrogels.
  • To demonstrate the use of laminar flow and millifluidic devices for creating hierarchical concentration distributions.
  • To engineer hydrogels with spatially varying mechanical properties for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized laminar flow within custom serpentine millifluidic devices to organize cross-linking density.
  • Employed dilute and concentrated poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate solutions and poly(acrylic acid) microgels for flow stabilization.
  • Integrated 3D printing and photopolymerization to create and secure heterogeneous hydrogel structures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated structured, seamless hydrogel filaments with hierarchical cross-linking density distributions.
  • Demonstrated the ability to program robust and reversible shape transformations using the flow-encoded architecture.
  • Achieved geometrically dictated, chemistry-agnostic principles for hydrogel engineering.

Conclusions:

  • The developed continuous processing scheme offers a novel approach to engineer hydrogels with spatially controlled properties.
  • The resulting heterogeneous hydrogel architectures enable programmable mechanical contrast for advanced functionalities.
  • This method opens new avenues for designing soft actuators, sensors, and other biomaterials.