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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Rethinking fast and slow processing in autism.

Emily C Taylor1, George D Farmer2, Lucy A Livingston3

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism is not associated with impaired intuitive or enhanced deliberative thinking, contrary to popular dual process theories. Large-scale studies found no unique cognitive differences, challenging existing autism research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Autism Spectrum Research
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Dual process models suggest autism may involve impaired intuitive (fast) and enhanced deliberative (slow) thinking.
  • Previous research is limited by methodological concerns, small sample sizes, and lack of replication.
  • Understanding these cognitive processes is crucial for explaining autistic strengths and difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously investigate the dual process theory of autism using large-scale, contemporary methods.
  • To examine whether autistic adults exhibit distinct patterns of intuitive and deliberative thinking compared to nonautistic adults.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four large-scale studies, including a preregistered comparison of 200 autistic and 200 nonautistic adults.
  • Utilized validated cognitive and self-report measures for intuitive and deliberative processing.
  • Included a robust measure of general cognitive ability and employed frequentist and Bayesian statistical analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in deliberative thinking between autistic and nonautistic adults.
  • Autistic adults reported lower intuitive thinking, but this was the only consistent difference across studies.
  • Frequentist and Bayesian analyses indicated no unique contributions of autism to intuitive or deliberative processing beyond self-report.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support the hypothesis that autism is characterized by impaired intuitive or enhanced deliberative thinking.
  • The results challenge existing dual process theories of autism.
  • Future research should consider these findings when investigating cognitive profiles and support needs in autistic individuals.