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Increased generosity under COVID-19 threat.

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During crises like pandemics, people show increased financial generosity. This study found greater giving when counties faced COVID-19 threat, challenging prior self-interest theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Psychology
  • Pandemic Studies

Background:

  • Crises can elicit both selfish and generous responses.
  • Previous research suggested self-interest under threat.
  • The impact of pandemic threat on generosity was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 threat and financial generosity.
  • To analyze longitudinal donation data and dictator game results.
  • To understand social preferences during a global health crisis.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed a four-year longitudinal dataset of real donations (N=696,942).
  • Conducted a 6-month dictator game study (N=1003) during the early pandemic.
  • Compared giving behaviors based on county-level COVID-19 threat.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibited greater financial generosity when their county faced COVID-19 threat.
  • Generosity increased despite the presence of threat, supporting "catastrophe compassion."
  • The level of threat did not significantly alter giving behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of pandemic threat can enhance financial generosity.
  • Findings challenge theories predicting universal self-interested behavior under threat.
  • Results have implications for understanding social preferences and societal responses to crises.