Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.8K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.8K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.2K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.2K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

49.9K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
49.9K
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

42.0K
Overview
42.0K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

11.8K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
 
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
11.8K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

26.3K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
26.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Asymptotic quantification of entanglement with a single copy.

Nature physics·2026
Same author

Computable Entanglement Cost under Positive Partial Transpose Operations.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Distillable entanglement under dually non-entangling operations.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Causal Classification of Spatiotemporal Quantum Correlations.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Reversibility of quantum resources through probabilistic protocols.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Virtual Quantum Resource Distillation.

Physical review letters·2024
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.7K

Probabilistic Transformations of Quantum Resources.

Bartosz Regula1

  • 1Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|April 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new quantum resource monotone to limit probabilistic protocol advantages. This monotone precisely quantifies achievable fidelity in quantum resource distillation tasks.

More Related Videos

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

673
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.7K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

673
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Deterministic manipulation of quantum resources is challenging, often requiring probabilistic protocols.
  • The capabilities and limitations of probabilistic quantum protocols remain poorly characterized.
  • Existing frameworks lack robust methods to bound transformations between quantum states using probabilistic operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general theoretical framework for characterizing the limitations of probabilistic quantum protocols.
  • To introduce a novel resource monotone capable of ruling out all state transformations, both probabilistic and deterministic.
  • To establish fundamental limits on state transformations and quantify the advantages of probabilistic over deterministic protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a new, universally monotonic resource measure applicable to any quantum resource theory.
  • Development of a mathematical framework to analyze and bound state interconversion via probabilistic protocols.
  • Application of convex optimization techniques to compute bounds for distillation protocols.

Main Results:

  • A new resource monotone is introduced that strictly bounds all possible state transformations in quantum resource theories.
  • Fundamental limitations are placed on probabilistic protocols, significantly strengthening previous no-go theorems.
  • Substantial improvements are achieved in the error and overhead bounds for probabilistic distillation protocols (e.g., entanglement and magic state distillation).

Conclusions:

  • The developed resource monotone provides a powerful tool for understanding and restricting probabilistic quantum operations.
  • For broad classes of resources, the monotone serves as a necessary and sufficient condition for state convertibility, offering a complete characterization.
  • The monotone offers a direct operational interpretation, precisely quantifying the maximum achievable fidelity in probabilistic resource distillation tasks.