Systemic Therapy for Vascular Anomalies and the Emergence of Genotype-Guided Management

Improved understanding of the genetic basis of vascular anomalies has uncovered a growing need for targeted medical therapies. This is especially important for lesions not amenable to surgical interventions or interventional radiologic techniques. Recent studies and case reports have documented the effective use of tailored medical therapies in several distinct types of vascular anomalies. Sirolimus, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors have emerged as potential therapies. Although this remains a growing field with significant knowledge gaps, a more optimistic outlook for patients with previously devastating impact on function and quality of life seems now within reach.