Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

547
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
547
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

9.4K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
9.4K
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

9.0K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
9.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrically Reconfigurable Floating Gate Optoelectronic Synaptic Pixels for In-sensor Convolutional Image Feature Extraction with Built-in Contrast Enhancement.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Effect of floor versus conventional elevated housing on the welfareand meat quality of rabbits.

Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research·2026
Same author

Long-Term Operational Stability of Dual-Gated ITO/HfO<sub>2</sub> Field-Effect Transistors via Full Top-Gate Coverage: A Comprehensive Bias-Stress Mapping.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Impact of Contact Gating on Scaling of Monolayer 2D Transistors Using a Symmetric Dual-Gate Structure.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Robust Memcapacitive Synapse Array for Energy-Efficient Motion Detection.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Erratum: Two-Dimensional Near-Atom-Thickness Materials for Emerging Neuromorphic Devices and Applications.

iScience·2025
Same journal

Application of ephrin-B2 loaded glycol chitosan-silk fibroin hydrogel in the treatment of diabetic refractory wounds.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

International expert Delphi consensus on thromboprophylaxis in metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Assessing the cross-region knowledge transfer capability of selected deep learning building vectorization methods in the context of available training datasets.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Feasibility and preliminary effects of outdoor versus indoor cognitive-motor therapy in women with Alzheimer's disease: A randomized single-blind pilot study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Hallmarks of social action in the vocal turn-taking of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Role and mechanism of AOPPs-induced NOX4-mediated ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

3.4K

Graphene-oxide interface for optoelectronic synapse application.

Ricardo Martinez-Martinez1,2, Molla Manjurul Islam1,3, Adithi Krishnaprasad1,2

  • 1NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.

Scientific Reports
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene-based optoelectronic synapses mimic biological functions, retaining memory after light exposure. This breakthrough enables advanced image processing for artificial retina systems and neural networks.

More Related Videos

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

7.1K
Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
08:57

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Published on: July 3, 2025

810

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

3.4K
Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

7.1K
Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
08:57

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Published on: July 3, 2025

810

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Optoelectronic synapses integrate memory and photodetection for artificial vision.
  • Artificial retina systems require on-platform image capture and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a graphene/Ta2O5/graphene phototransistor as an optoelectronic synapse.
  • To demonstrate synapse-like behavior, including memory and potentiation, in response to light stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a graphene/Ta2O5/graphene heterostructure.
  • Illumination with 405 nm visible light to induce photocurrent.
  • Application of gate voltage to retain photocurrent after light withdrawal.
  • Modulation of conductance states using light pulse width and number.

Main Results:

  • The phototransistor exhibited non-volatile memory and photodetection functionalities.
  • Synapse characteristics, including long-term potentiation (LTP) for 10^4 s, were observed.
  • Optical potentiation and electrical long-term depression (LTD) were demonstrated repeatably.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optoelectronic synapse shows promise for artificial retina applications.
  • The device's ability to exhibit LTP and LTD is suitable for neural network pattern recognition.