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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

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ADHD in Children and Adults: Diagnosis and Prognosis
Douglas Teixeira Leffa1, Arthur Caye1, Luis Augusto Rohde2,3
1ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Abstract:
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairment and distress throughout the lifespan. Recent investigations have shed light on different aspects regarding the trajectory of ADHD, including reports on risk factors in childhood, that are associated with remission or persistence in adulthood. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder, the diagnosis of ADHD remains strictly clinical and is based on behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. In this chapter we review the diagnostic process of ADHD, discuss the clinical presentation of the disorder across the lifespan, and examine patterns of comorbidity and longitudinal predictor of outcomes.
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