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Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

8.1K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.8K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
16.9K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

6.1K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
6.1K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.3K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.3K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.7K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

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Mapping chromatin loops in single cells.

Miao Yu1, Yun Li2, Ming Hu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) identifies cell-specific chromatin loops in tissues. This aids in interpreting genome-wide association study (GWAS) variants in disease-relevant cells.

Keywords:
chromatin loopschromatin spatial organizationsingle-cell Hi-C

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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing ChIA-PET for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
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Single-Cell Factor Localization on Chromatin using Ultra-Low Input Cleavage Under Targets and Release using Nuclease
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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing ChIA-PET for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • High-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies provide insights into genome organization.
  • Single-cell resolution of Hi-C is crucial for dissecting cellular heterogeneity.
  • Interpreting noncoding variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and computational strategies for single-cell Hi-C.
  • To highlight the application of single-cell Hi-C in identifying cell type-specific chromatin loops.
  • To discuss the utility of these loops in understanding disease-associated noncoding variants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current single-cell Hi-C experimental protocols.
  • Overview of computational pipelines for analyzing single-cell Hi-C data.
  • Discussion of methods for mapping chromatin loops at single-cell resolution.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell Hi-C enables direct identification of cell type-specific chromatin interactions.
  • These interactions can be mapped within complex biological tissues.
  • The identified loops provide a cellular context for interpreting GWAS findings.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell Hi-C is a powerful tool for dissecting 3D genome architecture in specific cell types.
  • This technology facilitates the functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants.
  • Advances in single-cell Hi-C are critical for understanding the genetic basis of diseases.