[Diagnosis and Therapy for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension]

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a pathological state of increased intracranial pressure without intracranial mass lesion, vascular lesion, or hydrocephalus. For the diagnosis of this pathology, various secondary and primary headaches, such as migraine and medication overuse headaches should be excluded. Radiological imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging may show secondary findings of intracranial hypertension. These imaging techniques may be useful to diagnose intracranial hypertension, because at present there is no reliable non-invasive method to measure intracranial pressure. The pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension has not been revealed; however there are some theories include, the disorder of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, disturbance of intracranial venous circulation, and metabolic disorders. Headache, nausea, and optic disc edema are frequently observed. The disease is frequently seen in obese females of childbearing age. Several therapies, including weight reduction, medication, and surgery have been studied; however the level of evidence for these therapies remains low.