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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
Published on: September 18, 2012
Driving Impairment Cases Involving Flualprazolam
Kimberly B Youso1, Kei A Osawa1, Marina L Divine1
1Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center, 1109 N. Minneapolis St., Wichita, KS 67214, USA.
Abstract:
Flualprazolam is a novel psychoactive substance in the benzodiazepine class that is increasing in prevalence in the USA. This study describes 19 cases of drivers stopped for impaired driving where flualprazolam was detected. This represents ∼9% of the total cases submitted to the Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center toxicology laboratory between July 2019 and May 2020. Blood concentrations of flualprazolam ranged from 4 to 69 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 20.9 ng/mL and 15 ng/mL, respectively. The increased prevalence in which laboratories are detecting flualprazolam along with the low concentrations necessary for pharmacological effects illustrates the importance of laboratories to remain vigilant in testing for novel psychoactive substances.
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