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Polyphenols and Their Metabolites in Renal Diseases: An Overview
Íris Guerreiro1, Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo1, Diogo Carregosa2
1CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2022
Summary
Polyphenols show promise in protecting against kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy. However, further research is needed to overcome pharmacokinetic challenges for clinical application.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nutritional Science
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Kidney diseases represent a significant global health burden, causing widespread morbidity and mortality.
- Polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, are increasingly investigated for their potential health benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on the protective effects of polyphenols against major kidney diseases.
- To identify key polyphenol metabolites in urine and their potential role in renal protection.
- To evaluate the clinical translatability of polyphenol-based kidney protection.
Main Methods:
- Bibliographical review of in vitro and in vivo studies on individual polyphenol compounds.
- Analysis of polyphenol metabolome in human urine.
- Assessment of signaling pathways modulated by polyphenols, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Main Results:
- Polyphenols demonstrate potential benefits across various kidney conditions like acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal cancer, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
- Modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory processes, and apoptosis are key mechanisms underlying polyphenol's biological effects.
- Evidence suggests polyphenols can protect against kidney damage, but clinical translation is limited by pharmacokinetic issues and extensive metabolism.
Conclusions:
- Polyphenols hold significant potential for renal disease prevention and treatment.
- Clinical application requires careful consideration of polyphenol pharmacokinetics and metabolism.
- Future research should focus on polyphenol metabolites that effectively reach kidney tissues for therapeutic benefit.
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