Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification01:25

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

4.8K
Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...
4.8K
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

92.5K
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
92.5K
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

134
Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
134
Solubility03:00

Solubility

18.6K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
18.6K
Colloids03:22

Colloids

18.3K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
18.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.9K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The influence of fluorination on the dynamics of the F<sup>-</sup> + CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>I reaction.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2023
Same author

Dopamine-Assisted Modification of Polypropylene Film to Attain Hydrophilic Mineral-Rich Surfaces.

Polymers·2023
Same author

High-Yield Production of Selected 2D Materials by Understanding Their Sonication-Assisted Liquid-Phase Exfoliation.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Vancomycin Loaded Glycerol Monooleate Liquid Crystalline Phases Modified with Surfactants.

Pharmaceutics·2020
Same author

Reverse Hexosome Dispersions in Alkanes-The Challenge of Inverting Structures.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

1.2K

Inverse ISAsomes in Bio-Compatible Oils-Exploring Formulations in Squalane, Triolein and Olive Oil.

Florian Trummer1, Otto Glatter1, Angela Chemelli1

  • 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New inverse ISAsomes (internally self-assembled somes/particles) were created in bio-compatible oils like squalane and triolein. This study introduces self-stabilizing inverse hexosomes, advancing liquid-crystalline phase formulation.

Keywords:
ISAsomesinverse cubosomesinverse hexosomesnanostructuresself-assembly

More Related Videos

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.7K
Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
09:10

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

Published on: June 24, 2016

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

1.2K
In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.7K
Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
09:10

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

Published on: June 24, 2016

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Inverse ISAsomes are kinetically stabilized dispersions of hydrophilic liquid-crystalline phases in non-polar oils.
  • Their formation and stabilization in bio-compatible oils are less explored compared to aqueous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of inverse ISAsomes in bio-compatible oils such as squalane and triolein.
  • To explore novel stabilization strategies, including self-stabilizing systems.
  • To report on the successful formulation of inverse ISAsomes in complex oils.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of inverse hexosomes, inverse micellar cubosomes, and inverse emulsified microemulsions using specific surfactants (polyethylene glycol alkyl ether, Pluronic P94).
  • Stabilization using hydrophobised silica nanoparticles or molecular stabilizers (PEG-dipolyhydroxystearate).
  • Investigation of self-stabilization by primary surfactant in inverse hexosomes in triolein.

Main Results:

  • Inverse hexosomes, inverse micellar cubosomes (Fd3m), and inverse emulsified microemulsions were successfully formed in squalane.
  • Inverse hexosomes and an emulsified L1-phase were formed in triolein, stabilized by Pluronic P94 and PEG-dipolyhydroxystearate.
  • Self-stabilizing inverse hexosomes were achieved in triolein using only the primary surfactant, and also formed in olive oil.

Conclusions:

  • Inverse ISAsomes can be successfully formulated in bio-compatible oils like squalane and triolein.
  • The development of self-stabilizing inverse hexosomes represents a significant advancement, eliminating the need for additional stabilizers.
  • This work expands the application scope of inverse ISAsomes in complex oil-based systems and natural oils.