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Resolving Multi-Path Interference in Compressive Time-of-Flight Depth Imaging with a Multi-Tap Macro-Pixel

Masaya Horio1, Yu Feng1, Tomoya Kokado1

  • 1Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8011, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel computational CMOS image sensor to overcome depth errors in indirect time-of-flight (ToF) cameras caused by multi-path interference. The multi-tap macro-pixel sensor effectively resolves reflections for improved depth accuracy.

Keywords:
CMOS image sensorcharge modulatorscompressive sensingmulti-path interferencemulti-tap macro-pixeltime-of-flight depth imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Computational imaging
  • Computer vision
  • Sensor technology

Background:

  • Indirect time-of-flight (ToF) cameras suffer from depth errors due to multi-path interference from surface reflections.
  • Accurate depth sensing is crucial for applications like robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous driving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel multi-tap macro-pixel computational CMOS image sensor for resolving multi-path interference in indirect ToF imaging.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and precision of the proposed sensor under various noise conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational CMOS image sensor with a multi-tap macro-pixel design, featuring four subpixels per macro-pixel.
  • Employed a four-tap lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) enabling simultaneous acquisition of multiple images with different temporal shutters.
  • Implemented compressive sensing with multi-frequency shutters and sub-clock shifting to reconstruct depth information.
  • Separated reflections using a two-stage approach: compressive sensing for coarse estimation and nonlinear search for refinement.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed the sensor's capability to accurately estimate depth even with objects at varying distances and interference.
  • Experimental verification with a prototype sensor demonstrated successful resolution of multi-path interference in both single-path and dual-path scenarios.
  • Evaluated performance metrics including relative standard deviation (precision) and relative mean error (accuracy) under photon shot noise.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multi-tap macro-pixel computational CMOS image sensor effectively resolves multi-path interference, significantly improving depth accuracy in indirect ToF cameras.
  • This technology holds potential for enhancing the performance of depth-sensing systems in challenging environments with reflections.