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A Six-Tap 720 × 488-Pixel Short-Pulse Indirect Time-of-Flight Image Sensor for 100 m Outdoor Measurements.

Koji Itaba1, Kamel Mars2,3, Keita Yasutomi2

  • 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel short-pulse indirect time-of-flight (SP-iToF) image sensor for long-range, high-resolution distance measurement. It achieves accurate depth imaging up to 100 meters with high ambient-light tolerance.

Keywords:
ambient lightiToFmulti-taprange measurementrange shiftshort pulsesubframe

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Image Sensing Technology
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Traditional time-of-flight sensors struggle with ambient light and range limitations.
  • High-resolution, long-range distance measurement requires advanced sensor design.
  • Indirect time-of-flight (iToF) offers potential for improved performance but faces challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel short-pulse indirect time-of-flight (SP-iToF) image sensor.
  • To achieve long-range, high-resolution distance measurements with enhanced ambient-light tolerance.
  • To enable real-time depth imaging at a high frame rate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 720 × 488-resolution SP-iToF image sensor with six-tap, one-drain pixels via front-side illumination (FSI).
  • Implemented 30-phase demodulation per subframe using six-tap pixels and five range-shifted subframe readouts.
  • Employed high-speed column-parallel 12-bit cyclic ADCs for rapid subframe signal acquisition (4.38 ms).

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 90% demodulation contrast with a 20 ns light pulse width.
  • Enabled a depth-image frame rate of 10 frames per second (fps).
  • Demonstrated accurate distance measurements up to 100 meters under 100 klux illumination with depth noise below 1%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SP-iToF sensor overcomes ambient light limitations for robust distance measurements.
  • High-speed readout and multi-phase demodulation are key to achieving high frame rates and accuracy.
  • This technology enables practical long-range, high-resolution depth sensing in challenging lighting conditions.