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A Time-of-Flight Image Sensor Using 8-Tap P-N Junction Demodulator Pixels.

Ryosuke Miyazawa1, Yuya Shirakawa2, Kamel Mars2

  • 1Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an 8-Tap P-N junction demodulator (PND) time-of-flight (ToF) image sensor for long-range measurements in bright light. It achieves high depth precision and linearity using single-frame signals, overcoming motion artifacts.

Keywords:
PN-junction demodulator (PND)depth precisiondepth-adaptive time-gating-number assignment (DATA)image sensortime-of-flight (ToF)

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Image Sensing Technology
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Traditional time-of-flight (ToF) sensors struggle with ambient light interference and motion artifacts.
  • Existing hybrid-type ToF sensors have limitations in range and linearity, especially under challenging lighting conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel 8-Tap P-N junction demodulator (PND) pixel for hybrid-type short-pulse (SP)-based ToF measurements.
  • To achieve long-range (>10 m) ToF measurements under strong ambient light using single-frame signals.
  • To improve depth precision, linearity, and ambient-light canceling capabilities of ToF sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an 8-tap PND pixel array (120x60) using 0.11 µm CIS technology.
  • Utilizing eight consecutive time-gating windows with a 10 ns gating width for demodulation.
  • Development and application of an improved depth-adaptive time-gating-number assignment (DATA) technique and a nonlinearity error correction technique.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the first single-frame, long-range (>10 m) ToF measurements under high ambient light (80 klux).
  • Achieved a depth precision of 16.4 cm (1.4% of max range) and a maximum non-linearity error of 0.6% over a 1.0-11.5 m range.
  • Exhibited 2.5 times better depth linearity compared to state-of-the-art 4-tap hybrid-type ToF sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The 8-tap PND ToF image sensor enables motion-artifact-free, long-range depth measurements in challenging ambient light conditions.
  • The developed DATA technique and nonlinearity correction significantly enhance the performance and extend the depth range of ToF systems.
  • This technology represents a significant advancement for applications requiring accurate depth sensing in bright environments.