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Intelligent Systems Using Sensors and/or Machine Learning to Mitigate Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions: A Review,

Irene Nandutu1, Marcellin Atemkeng1, Patrice Okouma1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Artillery Rd., Grahamstown 6139, South Africa.

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Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant losses. This review finds that current animal detection systems often lack advanced machine learning and datasets, hindering WVC mitigation efforts.

Keywords:
animal behavioranimal detection systemshuman behaviorhuman–wildlifeintelligent systemsmachine learningmachine learning datasetssensorwildlife–vehicle collisions

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Science
  • Transportation Engineering

Background:

  • Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a global threat to human safety, wildlife populations, and property.
  • Mitigation strategies for WVCs are increasingly adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) due to its versatility and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and bibliometrically analyze intelligent systems for WVC mitigation.
  • To investigate factors contributing to human-wildlife conflicts and evaluate current datasets and machine learning approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Bibliometric analysis of intelligent systems for WVC mitigation.
  • Investigation of contributing factors, datasets, and machine learning techniques.

Main Results:

  • Most animal detection systems (excluding autonomous vehicles) do not utilize state-of-the-art datasets or recent machine learning breakthroughs.
  • Current systems face challenges including failure to detect hotspot areas and limitations in training data.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting the latest datasets and machine learning techniques can significantly improve animal detection accuracy and reduce false positives.
  • Future research should focus on real-time animal detection algorithms and developing robust systems within a continuous product development lifecycle.