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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Nucleolin: a binding partner of G-quadruplex structures.

Tiago Santos1, Gilmar F Salgado2, Eurico J Cabrita3

  • 1Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS), Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI), Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.

Trends in Cell Biology
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleolin protein interacts with G-quadruplex structures via its RNA-binding and RGG domains. This partnership is crucial in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and viral infections, highlighting its broad biological significance.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexinteractionligandsnucleolin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein found in the nucleolus, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
  • It plays a role in various cellular processes.
  • Nucleolin possesses an RNA-binding domain (RBD) and an RGG domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interaction between nucleolin and G-quadruplex structures.
  • To elucidate the significance of this interaction in disease.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved biochemical assays to demonstrate the interaction between nucleolin and G-quadruplexes.
  • Analysis of existing literature and evidence linking nucleolin/G-quadruplexes to disease.

Main Results:

  • Nucleolin's RBD and RGG domains facilitate binding to G-quadruplex structures in nucleic acids.
  • Evidence supports the critical role of the nucleolin/G-quadruplex interaction in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • This partnership is also relevant to cancer and viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleolin/G-quadruplex interaction is a key molecular mechanism with implications across multiple disease areas.
  • Understanding this interaction may offer therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration, cancer, and viral infections.