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Assessing the Putative Anticryptococcal Properties of Crude and Clarified Extracts from Mollusks
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Marine-Derived Defenses Against HIV: Emerging Bioactive Molecules from the Seas.

Tiago Santos1, Ana Pintão1, Carolina S Marques2

  • 1Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.

Marine Drugs
|February 26, 2026
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Summary

Marine organisms offer diverse compounds that inhibit HIV replication across its life cycle. These natural products show promise for developing new antiviral drugs against HIV infection.

Keywords:
HIValgaeantiretroviralcnidarianspongetunicate

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Natural product chemistry
  • Antiviral drug discovery

Background:

  • Marine ecosystems are rich sources of unique bioactive metabolites.
  • These compounds have shown potential in combating viral infections, including HIV.
  • Existing HIV therapeutics have limitations, necessitating novel drug discovery approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in marine-derived compounds investigated as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents.
  • To highlight the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of marine natural products against HIV.
  • To discuss mechanisms of action and translational challenges for marine-based HIV drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of marine-derived compounds with anti-HIV activity.
  • Analysis of metabolites targeting various stages of the HIV life cycle.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and research on marine-based antivirals.

Main Results:

  • Marine metabolites including sulfated polysaccharides, lectins, alkaloids, and terpenoids exhibit anti-HIV activity.
  • These compounds inhibit multiple stages of the HIV life cycle, such as viral entry, reverse transcription, integration, and maturation.
  • Examples include sponge-inspired AZT development and Griffithin's use in HIV prophylaxis clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Marine biodiversity is a valuable, underexploited resource for novel HIV therapeutics.
  • Marine-derived compounds demonstrate significant potential for antiviral drug discovery against HIV.
  • Further research and development are needed to overcome translational hurdles for clinical application.