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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Children: A Narrative Review
Francesca Galluzzi1, Werner Garavello2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
The Journal of International Advanced Otology
|April 14, 2022
Summary
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a rare pediatric vestibular disorder. Diagnosis involves positional testing, and treatment uses repositioning maneuvers, though recurrences can occur.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Vestibular Disorders
- Neurology
Background:
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a rare vestibular disorder in children.
- It presents as brief vertigo episodes triggered by specific head movements.
- Most pediatric BPPV cases are secondary, often involving the posterior or horizontal semicircular canals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on pediatric benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
- To highlight diagnostic and treatment strategies for BPPV in children.
- To emphasize the need for increased awareness among healthcare providers.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of literature.
- Systematic searches on PubMed and cross-referencing.
- Analysis of retrospective, non-controlled studies with small pediatric cohorts.
Main Results:
- Pediatric BPPV is rare, with limited research, mostly retrospective studies.
- Secondary BPPV is most common, frequently affecting posterior and horizontal canals.
- Diagnosis relies on Dix-Hallpike and supine roll tests; treatment involves Semont, Epley, Gufoni, or Barbecue maneuvers.
Conclusions:
- BPPV in children is a recognized entity diagnosed by positional tests and treated with repositioning maneuvers.
- Treatment resistance and recurrences are noted, especially in those with vestibular migraine or BPPV of childhood.
- Enhanced awareness and education for pediatric providers and otolaryngologists are crucial to prevent diagnostic and treatment delays.
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