Digital interventions for smoking abstinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Sohrab Amiri1, Moien A B Khan2,3
1Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives:
Technological advancements have improved patients' health and clinical care through digital interventions. This study investigated the effects of digital interventions on smoking abstinence.
Methods:
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception until December 2021. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. The degree of heterogeneity, quality, and publication bias of the selected studies was further evaluated.
Results:
A total of 43 randomized control trial studies were eligible for this study. 38,814 participants from 18 countries were included in the analysis. Digital interventions on seven-day point prevalence abstinence (1 month) showed increased smoking abstinence. The odds ratio was 2.02 and confidence interval (CI) was 1.67-2.43; p < 0.001; I2 = 55.1%) . The result for a 30-day point prevalence abstinence (1 month) was 1.63 (CI 1.09-2.46; p = 0.018; I2 = 0%). Digital intervention also had a significant effect on continuous abstinence (odds ratio = 1.68; CI 1.29-2.18; p < 0.001; I2 = 70.1%) and prolonged abstinence (odds ratio = 1.60; CI 1.19-2.15; p = 0.002; I2 = 53.6%). There was evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias.
Conclusions:
Digital interventions led to increased smoking abstinence and can be a valuable tool in smoking cessation. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term impact of digital interventions on outcomes related to smoking cessation.
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