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Multipartite classically entangled scalar beams.

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    Classical entanglement is demonstrated in scalar light beams with multiple spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs). This research enables novel quantum-analog methods and applications in structured light control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics and structured light

    Background:

    • Classically entangled light refers to structured beams with non-separable states (space-polarization, polarization-time, space-time).
    • These states enable quantum-analog methods and applications in structured light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate that classical entanglement is also available for pure scalar beams with multiple non-separable spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs).
    • To explore high-dimensional and multi-DoF control of structured light for classical-quantum regimes.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical and experimental demonstration of scalar ray-wave structured light.
    • Utilizing multiple controllable local DoFs to emulate multipartite entangled states.

    Main Results:

    • A class of scalar structured light exhibiting classical entanglement with multiple spatial DoFs was theoretically and experimentally confirmed.
    • The emulation of multipartite entangled states, including Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, was achieved.
    • A rich parameter space for high-dimensional and multi-DoF control was unveiled.

    Conclusions:

    • Classical entanglement can be realized in scalar beams with multiple spatial DoFs.
    • This provides a new platform for high-dimensional structured light control.
    • Extends applications in classical-quantum regimes and structured light technologies.