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    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Science
    • Epistemology
    • Scientific Values

    Background:

    • The distinction between 'internal' and 'external' phases of science and 'inductive risk' are key concepts in values in science literature.
    • These constructs have limitations that obscure the role of values in scientific representation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address shortcomings in current values in science constructs.
    • To highlight the unique significance of values in scientific representation.
    • To propose a new framework for understanding epistemic risks in science.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of existing values in science literature.
    • Development of three interconnected proposals to refine key constructs.
    • Examination of implications for ongoing debates in the field.

    Main Results:

    • A conceptual distinction is proposed between endorsing a 'fact' and making a representation decision.
    • A revised conception of inductive risk is offered, independent of science phases.
    • Introduction of 'representational risk' as a distinct and significant epistemic risk.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework offers a more nuanced understanding of values in scientific representation.
    • These conceptual shifts are crucial for addressing epistemic risks in science.
    • The study contributes to ongoing discussions on the role of values in scientific practice.