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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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    Managing values in science is practically impossible as they cannot be simply packaged and transferred. This paper advocates for a decision-theoretic view of values, emphasizing their inherent entanglement with scientific evidence and beliefs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Science
    • Decision Theory
    • Ethics in Science

    Background:

    • Current proposals for managing values in science often assume values can be easily transferred between scientists and stakeholders.
    • This transferability assumption underpins many science policy and public engagement initiatives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To argue that packaging values for transfer in science is a practical impossibility.
    • To propose an alternative conceptualization of values in science based on decision theory.

    Main Methods:

    • Re-examination of foundational arguments in the philosophy of science, particularly the work of Rudner, Jeffrey, and Hempel.
    • Development of the "Putnam-Hempel account" of values in science.

    Main Results:

    • Values in science cannot be neatly "packaged for transfer" due to their complex nature.
    • The proposed Putnam-Hempel account conceptualizes values as non-psychologistic, stance-relative, and inseparable from credences.

    Conclusions:

    • Proposals relying on the transfer of values are fundamentally flawed.
    • A decision-theoretic, non-psychologistic, and stance-relative view of values is necessary for understanding their role in science.