[The Literacy of Scientific Research and Presentation]

When presenting the results of scientific research in English as a second language, a scientist must prepare effective slides and a manuscript in its final form. Moreover, precise pronunciation and diction in English is requisite to success, and potential exchanges in the question-and-answer session should be anticipated and, if possible, rehearsed. In order to achieve these goals, a sense of aesthetics is helpful, because creative powers are integral to both the arts and sciences. For example, composition in slides can be learned by studying pictures, and phonological awareness can be strengthened by listening to music or by playing an instrument.