Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2025
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Seldom one and done: Characterizing rates of reoperation with direct-to-implant breast reconstruction after
Jacob B Hammond1, Brittany M Foley2, Heidi E Kosiorek3
1Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Background:
Limited data exist outlining reoperations after direct-to-implant (DTI), tissue expander (TE) and autologous free-flap breast reconstruction.
Methods:
Patients undergoing mastectomy with reconstruction from 2008 to 18 were reviewed. Patient factors, surgical techniques, planned, unplanned, and total reoperations were analyzed.
Results:
Among 544 total patients, the majority underwent DTI (294, 54%) or TE (176, 32%); 74 (14%) received autologous free-flaps. Majority of DTI patients (55%) underwent subsequent reoperations. Compared to autologous tissue, DTI had less patients undergo additional surgery (76% vs. 55%, P = 0.001). Incidence of total unplanned reoperations did not significantly differ between reconstructive groups. The rate of unplanned reoperations due to complications was lowest for DTI (39%) when compared to TE (48%) and autologous (55%, P = 0.015). Compared to TE, DTI carried a lower risk for ≥2 total reoperations (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.33, P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Seldom "one and done," additional surgery after DTI remains significant.
