Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

39.2K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
39.2K
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

90
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
90
Multiple Bar Graph01:07

Multiple Bar Graph

8.1K
As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can include as many parameters as possible. However, each parameter must have the same unit of measurement.
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
8.1K
Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams01:20

Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams

1.8K
In a spring-mass-damper system, the second-order differential equation describes the dynamic behavior of the system. When transformed into the Laplace domain under zero initial conditions, this equation can be effectively analyzed and manipulated. The transformation into the Laplace domain converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of isolating the output.
1.8K
Two-Way ANOVA01:17

Two-Way ANOVA

2.8K
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
2.8K
Geometric Mean01:15

Geometric Mean

3.6K
The mean is a measure of the central tendency of a data set. In some data sets, the data is inherently multiplicative, and the arithmetic mean is not useful. For example, the human population multiplies with time, and so does the credit amount of financial investment, as the interest compounds over successive time intervals.
In cases of multiplicative data, the geometric mean is used for statistical analysis. First, the product of all the elements is taken. Then, if there are n elements in the...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

What Lies Behind Diagnostic Labels? High Intra-Individual Variability Is the True Cognitive Signature of University Students with Specific Learning Disorders.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Oculomotor Training Improves Reading and Associated Cognitive Functions in Children with Learning Difficulties: A Pilot Study.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Playing sports to shape attention: enhanced feature-based selective attention in invasion sports players.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2025
Same author

Temporal perception in closed-skill sports: An experimental study on expert swimmers and runners.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2023
Same author

Cognitive Reserve Potential: Capturing Cognitive Resilience Capability in Adolescence.

Assessment·2023
Same author

Spatial frequency equalization does not prevent spatial-numerical associations.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2022
Same journal

miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p Promote Microglia Activation Associated With Neuroinflammation.

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Chronic Nicotine and Smoke Treatment Modulate Dopaminergic Activities in Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens and the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor Expression of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex".

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Hypoxia-Induced Deactivation of NGF-Mediated ERK1/2 Signaling in Hippocampal Cells: Neuroprotection by Acetyl-L-Carnitine.

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

DKK1 Targeting in Corneal Schwann Cells Rescues Axonal Regeneration and Mechanosensory Function After Corneal Injury.

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

An Examination of Task-Evoked fMRI Data Processing in Functional Connectivity.

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

Association of Interhemispheric Structural Integrity With Transcallosal Interhemispheric Inhibition in People With Chronic Stroke.

Journal of neuroscience research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K

What does gender has to do with math? Complex questions require complex answers.

Luisa Girelli1,2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The math gender gap is influenced by sociocultural factors, not biological ones. Stereotypes like "females are not good at math" persist due to cognitive biases, impacting representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

Keywords:
gender differencesgender stereotypesmath anxietymath mythsmathematical learning

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K
Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Education

Background:

  • The underrepresentation of females in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields is a key indicator of the math gender gap.
  • Current understanding largely attributes this gap to sociocultural factors, acknowledging the complex interplay between nature and nurture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on math gender equality and inequality.
  • To challenge the role of biological factors in math gender differences.
  • To examine the persistence of gender stereotypes in mathematics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review combining findings from various research areas.
  • Analysis of social and cultural forces perpetuating stereotypes.
  • Discussion of cognitive biases contributing to gender and math stereotypes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests math gender equality initially, but inequality emerges over time.
  • The "math male myth" and "female are not good at math myth" persist due to societal influences.
  • Cognitive biases related to gender and math stereotypes contribute to the longevity of these myths.

Conclusions:

  • Sociocultural factors and cognitive biases play a significant role in the math gender gap.
  • Challenging persistent stereotypes requires understanding the complex interplay of social and cultural forces.
  • Scholars have a responsibility to avoid amplifying these myths in their research.