Avian Neuropeptide Y: Beyond Feed Intake Regulation

Area of Science:

• Neuroendocrinology
• Comparative Physiology

Background:

• Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a widely distributed neuropeptide involved in regulating feed intake and energy homeostasis.
• NPY's central roles in appetite control are well-established across various species.
• Recent findings indicate NPY expression in numerous peripheral tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of NPY distribution and function.
• To focus specifically on the roles of peripherally expressed NPY.
• To highlight the limited research on peripheral NPY in avian species.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on Neuropeptide Y.
• Analysis of NPY distribution in central and peripheral tissues.
• Synthesis of functional data regarding NPY's role in appetite and energy balance.

Main Results:

• NPY is abundant in both central and peripheral nervous systems.
• NPY stimulates appetite and feeding behavior in mammals and non-mammalian species.
• Peripheral NPY expression is documented in various tissues, but its function, particularly in birds, remains under-explored.

Conclusions:

• Peripherally expressed NPY warrants further investigation.
• Elucidating peripheral NPY functions is crucial for understanding energy homeostasis.
• Special attention should be given to avian species to fill existing research gaps.