Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Functional Movement Disorders in Children

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Pediatrics
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Functional movement disorders (FMD) present significant challenges for affected children and their families.
• Pediatric FMD are less understood compared to adult presentations.
• Recent observations indicate an increase in functional tic-like behaviors in children, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of pediatric functional movement disorders.
• To detail the clinical and historical features, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for FMD in children.
• To discuss emerging trends in pediatric FMD, such as pandemic-related behavioral changes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical studies and case reports on pediatric FMD.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and established management protocols.
• Examination of recent epidemiological trends and contributing factors.

Main Results:

• FMD in children encompass a range of neurobehavioral symptoms impacting daily function.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on specific clinical features and exclusion of organic causes.
• Multidisciplinary approaches involving neurology, psychology, and allied health professionals are crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric FMD require specialized attention due to their complexity and impact on child development.
• Understanding the evolving landscape of pediatric FMD, including pandemic-related influences, is essential for timely intervention.
• A coordinated, multidisciplinary management strategy optimizes outcomes for children with FMD.