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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Published on: October 15, 2021
Surgical Indications and Options for Hypertensive Hemorrhages
Kelsey M Bowman1, Azam S Ahmed1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, K4/850, CSC-8660, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
Abstract:
The morbidity and mortality associated with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage high, with 40% reported mortality at 1 month and fewer than 40% of patients regaining functional independence. Despite advances made in the treatment of ischemic stroke, similar improvements have not been seen with intracerebral hemorrhage. Medical control of blood pressure and intracranial pressure, among other factors, are key to management. The impact of surgical intervention is less clear. This article reviews the data surrounding the surgical management of intracerebral hemorrhage, including open and minimally invasive techniques and discusses the controversies and future directions surrounding surgical management.
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