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Correction: Kuc et al. Tension-Dominant Orthodontic Loading and Buccal Periodontal Phenotype Preservation: An Integrative Mechanobiological Model Supported by FEM and a Proof-of-Concept CBCT. <i>J. Funct. Biomater.</i> 2026, <i>17</i>, 47.

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Engineering 3D Printed Scaffolds with Tunable Hydroxyapatite.

Yoontae Kim1, Eun-Jin Lee1, Anthony P Kotula2

  • 1American Dental Association Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed 3D printed hydroxyapatite (HA) bone scaffolds using calcium phosphate cement (CPC) bioink. This method allows fine-tuning HA composition for enhanced bone graft integration.

Keywords:
3D printingCPCDCPAHATTCPosteoclasttunable material

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bone defects from trauma, disease, or tumor resection necessitate advanced bone graft solutions.
  • Ideal bone grafts mimic native tissue's structural, functional, and biological properties.
  • Current bone graft limitations drive innovation in biomimetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop 3D printed hydroxyapatite (HA) biomimetic bone structures for use as bone grafts.
  • To control HA formation and scaffold properties using a novel bioink and hardening bath system.
  • To investigate the impact of varying HA amounts on scaffold characteristics and osteoclast activity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) bioink from tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), and a Polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/ethanol solution.
  • 3D printing of scaffolds using a 210 µm nozzle at room temperature.
  • Utilizing aqueous sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4) baths at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mol/L to accelerate HA formation.
  • Characterization of HA formation and scaffold properties using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • Real-time hydroxyapatite (HA) formation was confirmed in all tested Na2HPO4 concentrations.
  • The amount of HA formed varied with Na2HPO4 concentration, influencing scaffold mechanical properties and porosity.
  • Osteoclast activity was modulated by the different HA compositions achieved.
  • Successful engineering of 3D bone scaffolds with tunable HA content and pre-defined properties was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D printing method enables precise control over HA composition in bone scaffolds.
  • Tunable HA content allows for the engineering of scaffolds with specific mechanical and biological properties.
  • This approach holds significant potential for enhancing graft-host integration in orthopedic and craniofacial reconstructions.