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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
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Epidemiological Aspects Of Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Ayisha Kausar1, Nadia Akhtar2, Nighat Akbar3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shifa College of medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Allergic conjunctivitis, particularly vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), is common in younger males and affects quality of life. Early management is crucial to prevent vision loss from corneal complications.

Keywords:
Ocular allergy; Allergic conjunctivitis; Vernal keratoconjunctivitis;Epidemiology; Conjunctivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition impacting vision and quality of life.
  • Untreated allergic conjunctivitis can lead to serious corneal complications and vision impairment.
  • Understanding epidemiological aspects is key for effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis.
  • To identify the most common types and risk factors associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
  • To assess the prevalence of corneal involvement and its impact on visual function.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 236 patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Data collected via questionnaires, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and skin prick tests (SPT).
  • Statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 23.0 to determine associations and prevalence.

Main Results:

  • The study population had a mean age of 22.71±13.11 years, with 60.2% females.
  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) was the most frequent type (46.2%), followed by perennial (27.1%), seasonal (17.4%), and atopic (9.3%).
  • Significant associations were found between conjunctivitis type and age (p<0.001) and gender (p=0.000). VKC was more common in males under 20, while perennial conjunctivitis was more prevalent in females. Corneal involvement occurred in 17.8% of patients, significantly associated with visual interference (p=0.034). SPT was positive in 79.7%.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic conjunctivitis is more common in females, but VKC predominantly affects males under 20.
  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is the most prevalent subtype.
  • Allergic rhinitis and dermatitis are common comorbidities, highlighting the systemic nature of atopy.