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Summary

This case study highlights lupus vasculitis in a young woman presenting with systemic symptoms including fever, joint pain, and skin ulcers. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants are crucial for managing this autoimmune condition.

Keywords:
Impetigo, Paediatrics; Periorbital cellulitis; Preseptal cellulitis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Lupus vasculitis, a serious complication, involves inflammation of blood vessels, potentially affecting multiple organs.

Observation:

  • A 30-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of intermittent fever, arthralgia, oral ulcers, photosensitivity, and alopecia.
  • Physical examination revealed malar hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, hand/foot erythema, and multiple punched-out skin ulcers.
  • Respiratory symptoms included dry cough and dyspnea, with bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest imaging.

Findings:

  • Positive Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) at 1:320 with a homogenous pattern.
  • Highly positive Anti-Ro antibodies and reduced serum complement levels (C3, C4).
  • Diagnosis of Lupus Vasculitis confirmed based on clinical and serological findings.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing diverse presentations of lupus vasculitis.
  • Prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, including steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and hydroxychloroquine, is vital for patient outcomes.
  • Highlights the need for comprehensive evaluation in patients with unexplained systemic symptoms and positive autoantibodies.