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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Soft tissue response to different abutment materials: A controlled and randomized human study using an experimental

Norbert Enkling1,2, Michael Marder1, Stefan Bayer1

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Clinical Oral Implants Research
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study compared soft tissue responses to dental implant abutments made of titanium, zirconia, feldspar-veneered zirconia, and PEEK. All materials showed similar responses, with feldspar-veneered zirconia having fewer inflammatory cells than titanium.

Keywords:
PEEKabutment materialsfeldspar ceramicshistological analysisperi-implant soft tissuesoft tissue integrationsoft tissue responsetitaniumzirconia

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Soft tissue response to dental implant abutments is crucial for esthetics and health.
  • Titanium is a standard abutment material, but novel materials like zirconia and PEEK are being explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the soft tissue response to titanium, zirconia, feldspar-veneered zirconia, and PEEK abutments.
  • To evaluate clinical, histological, microbiological, and molecular markers of tissue response.

Main Methods:

  • A split-mouth study in 20 patients used 40 one-piece healing abutments (titanium, zirconia, feldspar-veneered zirconia, PEEK).
  • Evaluated clinical parameters, inflammatory cytokine mRNA, histology, bacterial counts, MMP-8 levels, and marginal bone loss over three months.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in clinical parameters, bacterial counts, or cytokine levels were found among abutment materials.
  • Feldspar-veneered zirconia showed significantly fewer mononuclear inflammatory cells compared to titanium.
  • Soft tissue morphology and bone level changes were similar across all groups.

Conclusions:

  • All tested abutment materials demonstrated comparable soft tissue responses to titanium.
  • PEEK and feldspar-veneered zirconia did not induce early signs of elevated inflammation.
  • Further long-term studies are needed to confirm the suitability of these materials.