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    This study introduces three trust levels for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) between satellites. These levels enhance security and key rates for terahertz-band CVQKD, proving its feasibility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Satellite Communication
    • Quantum Cryptography

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) offers security against collective attacks in finite-size regimes and is composable.
    • Inter-satellite communication presents unique challenges regarding signal loss and noise.
    • Standard CVQKD protocols require robust security guarantees for practical deployment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To classify trust levels for loss and noise in inter-satellite CVQKD.
    • To derive composable finite-size security bounds for terahertz-band inter-satellite CVQKD.
    • To investigate the impact of trust levels on secret key rates and loss tolerance.

    Main Methods:

    • Classification of three distinct trust levels based on sender/receiver loss and noise.
    • Derivation of composable finite-size security bounds tailored for inter-satellite CVQKD.
    • Numerical simulations to assess the feasibility and performance of terahertz-band CVQKD under varying trust levels.

    Main Results:

    • Defined trust levels significantly increase composable secret key rates for terahertz-band CVQKD.
    • The proposed framework demonstrates higher tolerance to signal loss in inter-satellite CVQKD.
    • Numerical simulations confirm the feasibility of inter-satellite terahertz-band CVQKD, even under the most conservative trust level.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed trust level framework enhances the security and efficiency of inter-satellite CVQKD.
    • Terahertz-band CVQKD is a viable technology for secure inter-satellite quantum communication networks.
    • This research provides a practical pathway for establishing global quantum communication infrastructure.