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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Dissociable use-dependent processes for volitional goal-directed reaching.

Jonathan S Tsay^1,2, Hyosub E Kim^3,4, Arohi Saxena^1,2

¹Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|April 27, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent experience shapes our movements through use-dependent learning (UDL). This study reveals distinct planning and execution biases influencing reaching, even when rewards are absent, enhancing our understanding of volitional motor control.

Keywords:

action execution action selection reinforcement learning reward use-dependent learning

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Repetitive movements create use-dependent learning (UDL), biasing future actions.
Previous research identified planning and execution biases in motor control under time constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contributions of planning and execution biases to reaching movements using distributional analysis.
To understand how recent experience influences volitional movements without planning time constraints.

Main Methods:

Participants performed reaching movements to frequent and rare target locations.
Distributional analysis examined movement biases.
Tasks included self-initiated and delayed-response conditions, with and without reward.

Main Results:

Movement heading angles showed bimodal distributions, peaking at both frequent and rare target locations.
Quick, self-initiated movements demonstrated a planning bias towards the frequent target.
Execution biases, shifted towards the practiced direction, were observed even in delayed and reward-insensitive tasks.

Conclusions:

Use-dependent learning in reaching involves both dynamic planning biases and stable execution biases.
Execution biases persist independently of planning time and reward, suggesting a robust influence of motor experience.
These findings deepen the understanding of how prior experience shapes volitional motor actions.