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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Physics
    • Image Reconstruction

    Background:

    • Lensless imaging techniques are increasingly prevalent.
    • Partial coherence is a key factor in modern imaging.
    • Existing metrics for comparing wave fields are limited to fully coherent scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop quantitative metrics for comparing partially coherent light fields.
    • To extend existing comparison metrics to partially coherent wave fields.
    • To enable reliable assessments of lensless imaging reconstructions.

    Main Methods:

    • Reformulating the mean squared error (MSE) for partially coherent fields.
    • Adapting the Fourier Ring Correlation (FRC) for partially coherent wave fields.
    • Utilizing quantum state fidelity as a unifying framework.

    Main Results:

    • Generalized MSE and FRC metrics applicable to partially coherent light.
    • Demonstrated a natural extension of established metrics.
    • Established a theoretical foundation for quantitative comparison.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed metrics fill a significant gap in lensless imaging.
    • Quantitative comparison of partially coherent fields is now feasible.
    • This work will improve the reliability and resolution assessment of reconstructed wave fields.