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Long COVID in Children and Adolescents
Mayank Gupta1,2, Nihit Gupta3, Michael Esang1
1Clarion Psychiatric Center, Clarion, Pennsylvania.
The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
|April 29, 2022
Summary
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a concern for children and adolescents experiencing long COVID after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These long COVID effects can impact functioning and require comprehensive care.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to prolonged health issues in children and adolescents, collectively termed long COVID.
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations are increasingly recognized as a significant component of long COVID in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing empirical evidence on neuropsychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To synthesize findings on the epidemiology, presentation, and management of long COVID-related neuropsychiatric conditions in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) up to February 2022.
- Keywords included various terms related to COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mental health, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and long COVID outcomes, with age restrictions for individuals ≤18 years.
- Forty-eight articles were selected from an initial pool of 526 for narrative review and data extraction.
Main Results:
- Early studies primarily comprised case reports and series, with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) being a notable finding.
- Later phases revealed diverse symptom clusters within 60 days post-infection, often resolving within six months, but some experienced prolonged illness and impairments.
- A significant proportion of children and adolescents with long COVID exhibited neuropsychiatric symptoms, with some presenting similar symptoms despite negative COVID-19 tests.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID in children and adolescents presents with a complex interplay of physical and mental health symptoms that can impair long-term functioning.
- These neuropsychiatric sequelae pose a considerable challenge to healthcare systems, necessitating a coordinated approach.
- Despite methodological limitations in current research, there is a consensus supporting the need for multidisciplinary and holistic care for affected pediatric populations.
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