Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

479
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
479
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

169
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
169
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

132
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
132
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

459
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
459
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

180
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
180
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

312
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
312

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cerebral hemodynamic changes and their effects on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease complicated with orthostatic hypotension.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Coral-inspired immunoreprogramming scaffold reverses the "immune-freeze" microenvironment to promote bone regeneration in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Bone research·2026
Same author

A novel MRI-based formal head bone quality score for predicting the prognosis of the normal hip in patients with unilateral nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

European journal of radiology·2026
Same author

BASP1 promotes breast cancer progression and shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting MDSCs and suppressing T cell function.

Human cell·2026
Same author

Resveratrol Alleviates Neurogenic Bladder Fibrosis and Urothelial Pyroptosis by Inhibiting the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Distributed resilient consensus for heterogeneous fractional-order multi-agent systems against hybrid attacks.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Hybrid vehicle state estimation using closed-form liquid neural networks and nonlinear Kalman filtering.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Cross-coupled synchronization control strategy for rebar binding robots based on impedance control.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Gas flow tracking for electronic pressure control system in gas chromatography under state constraints and hysteresis：An innovative fuzzy adaptive control approach.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Stackelberg differential game-based fuzzy adaptive hierarchical optimal control for a nonlinear system with unknown dynamics.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Composite fault-tolerant predictive control strategy for PMSM demagnetization faults.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Bias-compensated Q-learning for optimal tracking control under denial-of-service attacks.

ISA transactions·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

2.6K

A controller design method for high-order unstable linear time-invariant systems.

Gengjin Shi1, Zhiqiang Gao2, YangQuan Chen3

  • 1State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

ISA Transactions
|May 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the generalized desired dynamic equation (G-DDE) PID controller for challenging high-order unstable systems. The G-DDE PID offers stability, simple tuning, and effective control for industrial applications.

Keywords:
Desired dynamic equationalGeneralized PIDHigh-order unstable systems

More Related Videos

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

13.8K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

2.6K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

13.8K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Control Engineering
  • Systems Theory
  • Industrial Automation

Background:

  • High-order unstable systems present significant control challenges in industrial settings.
  • Traditional PID controllers and advanced strategies often face limitations in implementation and effectiveness for these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the generalized desired dynamic equation (G-DDE) PID controller as a practical solution for high-order unstable systems.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy and implementability of the G-DDE PID controller on common industrial platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the generalized desired dynamic equation (G-DDE) PID controller.
  • Utilizing simulations and experimental validation to assess controller performance.

Main Results:

  • The G-DDE PID controller ensures closed-loop stability for high-order unstable systems.
  • Demonstrated superior performance in reference tracking, disturbance rejection, and robustness compared to existing methods.
  • Confirmed the controller's simple structure and tuning procedure are suitable for practitioners.

Conclusions:

  • The G-DDE PID controller is a convenient and effective strategy for controlling high-order unstable systems.
  • Its ease of implementation on industrial platforms makes it a valuable tool for control engineers.