Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

31.1K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
31.1K
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

4.5K
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
4.5K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Genetic Material01:20

Genetic Material

2.5K
Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
2.5K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.0K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.0K
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

14.4K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
14.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cellular-state control using ribozyme-scaffolded miRNA-sensing and CRISPR-mediated actuation.

Cell reports methods·2026
Same author

Neuroprotective effects of Gnetin H from Paeonia lactiflora via CREB-BDNF pathway restoration in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model.

European journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Biosecurity Primitive: Polymerase X-based Genetic Physical Unclonable Functions.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Uncaria Rhynchophylla and hirsuteine as TRPV1 agonists inducing channel desensitization.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2024
Same author

NeurostimML: a machine learning model for predicting neurostimulation-induced tissue damage.

Journal of neural engineering·2024
Same author

Identification of an Antagonist Targeting G Protein and β-Arrestin Signaling Pathways of 5-HT<sub>7</sub>R.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2024
Same journal

Taphonomic analysis at Liang Bua reveals the behavioral and technological capabilities of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Targeting granule initiation and amyloplast structure to create giant starch granules in wheat.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

A meta-analysis of carbon losses and gains from tropical moist forest degradation and regeneration.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Ancient DNA reveals elite dynastic rule among Iron Age Eurasian Steppe nomads.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Targeting astrocytic Dp71 attenuates BBB disruption after traumatic brain injury through WTAP-associated m<sup>6</sup>A regulation of MMP2.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Pancreatic α cells are required for nutrient homeostasis by regulating dynamic β cell networks in islets.

Science advances·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development
09:37

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

13.3K

Genetic physical unclonable functions in human cells.

Yi Li1,2, Mohammad Mahdi Bidmeshki3, Taek Kang1,2

  • 1Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.

Science Advances
|May 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first genetic physical unclonable functions (PUFs) in human cells. These novel CRISPR-PUFs offer unique, robust, and unclonable identifiers, paving the way for advanced attestation protocols.

More Related Videos

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
09:04

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 25, 2019

8.4K
Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development
09:37

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

13.3K
Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
09:04

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 25, 2019

8.4K
Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biosecurity
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are unique identifiers derived from physical variations, widely used in the electronics industry for integrated circuit security.
  • Silicon PUFs exploit semiconductor manufacturing variations, offering inherent unclonability due to stochastic processes.
  • The need for secure and unique identifiers extends beyond electronics, prompting exploration in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer and characterize the first generation of genetic physical unclonable functions (PUFs) within human cells.
  • To establish the robustness, uniqueness, and unclonability of these novel genetic PUFs.
  • To explore the potential of CRISPR-engineered PUFs (CRISPR-PUFs) for provenance attestation.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging CRISPR gene-editing technology to introduce unique, heritable variations in human cells.
  • Designing and implementing genetic circuits capable of producing measurable and reproducible outputs.
  • Assessing PUF characteristics through repeated measurements and comparative analysis across multiple cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the engineered genetic PUFs are robust, consistently producing the same output.
  • Confirmed the uniqueness of each genetic PUF, ensuring no two are alike.
  • Established the unclonable nature of these biological PUFs, making them virtually impossible to replicate.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic PUFs represent a novel class of security primitives applicable to biological systems.
  • CRISPR-PUFs offer a robust, unique, and unclonable solution for identity and provenance attestation in cellular contexts.
  • This work lays the foundation for developing biological attestation protocols using engineered genetic PUFs.