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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

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Development of cancer immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade

Min Zhang1, Kehai Liu1, Mingfu Wang1,2

  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University 999 Hucheng Ring Road Shanghai 201306 China khliu@shou.edu.cn.

RSC Advances
|May 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy shows promise but faces challenges like off-target effects and resistance. Strategies to improve response rates include enhanced T-cell infiltration and combination therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy has shown success in treating various cancers.
  • However, a significant number of patients do not respond to this therapy, and some develop resistance after initial response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary reasons for the low response rate and resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
  • To introduce updated delivery systems and combination therapies to enhance treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade limitations.
  • Discussion of factors contributing to low response rates and resistance.
  • Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies and delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Key factors limiting PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy include off-target effects, insufficient T-cell infiltration, low tumor cell immunogenicity, and other immunosuppressive components.
  • Off-target effects are a major cause of autoimmune side effects.
  • Updated delivery systems and combination therapies show potential to overcome resistance and improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing off-target effects, enhancing T-cell infiltration, and increasing tumor immunogenicity are crucial for improving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
  • Combination strategies and advanced delivery systems offer promising avenues for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance in cancer immunotherapy.

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