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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection
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History-dependent physiological adaptation to lethal genetic modification under antibiotic exposure.

Yuta Koganezawa1, Miki Umetani1,2, Moritoshi Sato2,3,4

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan.

Elife
|May 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial cells can adapt to detrimental genetic modifications, like losing antibiotic resistance genes, by regaining physiological resistance. This adaptation depends on the timing of the genetic change relative to environmental stress.

Keywords:
E. coliadaptationantibiotic resistancegeneticsgenomicshomeostasisinfectious diseasemicrobiologyoptogeneticsribosomesingle-cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bacterial cells exhibit remarkable adaptability to environmental stresses, including antibiotics.
  • The capacity of bacteria to adapt to detrimental genetic modifications remains less understood.
  • Understanding adaptation to genetic loss is crucial for predicting bacterial evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptive potential of individual *Escherichia coli* cells to the deletion of an antibiotic resistance gene under antibiotic pressure.
  • To determine if bacteria can overcome lethal genetic modifications through physiological adaptation.
  • To explore the influence of timing between genetic modification and environmental stress on adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized light-inducible genetic recombination for precise gene deletion in *E. coli*.
  • Employed microfluidic devices for long-term single-cell tracking and observation.
  • Analyzed ribosomal protein stoichiometry (RplS and RpsB) to assess cellular adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 40% of cells lacking the resistance gene adapted and restored growth under continuous chloramphenicol (Cp) exposure.
  • Adaptation was observed only when gene deletion occurred concurrently with Cp exposure, not prior.
  • Gene deletion initially disrupted ribosomal protein balance, which was restored in adapting cell lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial cells can plastically acquire physiological resistance to adapt to lethal genetic modifications.
  • The ability to adapt is contingent upon the environmental history and the temporal relationship between genetic alteration and stress exposure.
  • This study highlights the dynamic interplay between genetic changes and physiological plasticity in bacterial adaptation.