Synthesis of manganese-based complex as cathode material for aqueous rechargeable batteries

A low-cost and eco-friendly system based on a manganese-based complex cathode and zinc anode was demonstrated. The cathode is able to reversibly (de-)insert Zn²⁺ ions, providing a high capacity of 248 mA h g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1. Ex situ TEM and XRD were utilized to determine the electrochemical mechanism of this high capacity cathode. Moreover, the contribution of pre-added Mn²⁺ in electrolyte to the capacity was revealed, and nearly 18.9% of the capacity is ascribed to the contribution of pre-added Mn²⁺. With the help of additive, this aqueous rechargeable battery shows outstanding electrochemical property. Its cycling performance is good with 6% capacity loss after 2000 cycles at 4.0 A g^-1, highlighting it as a promising system for aqueous rechargeable battery applications.